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In turn, settlements became more permanent, leading to the foundations of what we call civilization – language, writing, political systems, art and architecture.
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These advances made intensive farming possible. Animals, including goats, cattle, sheep, horses and camels, were domesticated, and people abandoned hunting altogether. The development of agriculture brought other advances. As a result, agriculture developed – first in Mesopotamia, then the Nile River Valley, and eventually spreading across the Middle East. No longer able to survive as hunter-gatherers, they had to develop another means of survival. This climate change forced humans to move into the lush mountain valleys and oases. River systems also disappeared, leaving in their wake the dry river beds (wadis) that are found in the peninsula today. Vast plains once covered with lush grasslands gave way to scrubland and deserts, and wild animals vanished. Bands of hunter-gatherers roamed the land, living off wild animals and plants.Īs the European ice cap melted during the last Ice Age, some 15,000 years ago, the climate in the peninsula became dry.
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The first concrete evidence of human presence in the Arabian Peninsula dates back 15,000 to 20,000 years. Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz.In a few short decades, the Kingdom has turned itself from a desert nation to a modern, sophisticated state and a major player on the international stage. Since King Abdulaziz Al-Saud established the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, its transformation has been astonishing. Over the centuries, the peninsula has played an important role in history as an ancient trade center and as the birthplace of Islam, one of the world’s major monotheistic religions. Saudi Arabia traces its roots back to the earliest civilizations of the Arabian Peninsula.